Textile Industry Pdf

Textile industry in North America will depend heavily on new technology and the application of that technology to solve problems. The North American industry is creative and innovative in finding new products and applications. The Eastern and Western Europe technical textile sector continues to grow. Germany is widely regarded as. 1.2.1 Textile and garment industry in developed countries Throughout the 20 th century, Europe was the sector’s number one producer and trader at each of the many stages of fabric production, as well as in garment making and in the fashion industry.

1. Textile Industry Definition
2. Textile Industry Pdf
3. Kombolcha Textile Industry Pdf

Because so many of our clothes have labels that say 'Made in Bangladesh' or 'Made in China,' we often picture the textile industry taking place elsewhere, not in our country. You might be surprised to learn that in 2017, the U.S. textile industry supplied 500,550 jobs and the country's textile and apparel exports totaled $78 billion. While working conditions in the American textile industry are much better than they were 100 years ago, workers worldwide are still subject to a wide variety of health dangers because of their jobs.

Exposure to Toxic Chemicals

Workers in the textile industry are exposed to dangerous chemicals. It's part of the business if you work in the dyeing, printing or finishing sector of textiles. Employees work with solvents and fixatives, crease-resistance agents that release formaldehyde, flame retardants with toxic compounds, and antimicrobial agents. Exposure to formaldehyde has been linked to various types of cancer, including thyroid, nasal, stomach and esophageal cancers. The chemical can also cause eczema and dermatitis.

High Noise Levels

Exposure to high levels of noise is common in textile factories, particularly those in developing countries where the machines are older are not as well maintained. This has caused hearing loss in many textile workers, and can also cause sleep disorders, changes in blood pressure, anxiety and other ailments. A study of textile workers in Nagpur, India revealed that 76.6 percent of them were at risk for hearing loss caused by noise in their work environment.

Poor Working Conditions

Egregious garment factory conditions have been detailed in the news. In 2012, a fire in a Bangladesh garment factory that killed 112 workers tragically highlighted the terrible conditions of the industry. Eventually, the factory's owners were charged with homicide for their culpability. The next year, an entire building collapsed, killing 1,100 workers in Bangladesh.

Smaller scale issues include cramped work environments with poor lighting and ventilation. Problems in garment factories run the gamut from uncomfortable to extremely unsafe.

Working Conditions Can Cause Bad Ergonomics

Many garment workers suffer from musculoskeletal disorders like carpal tunnel syndrome and are also often affected by ailments including forearm tendinitis, lower back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, and osteoarthritis of the knees. All of these conditions are caused by repetitive movements and poor ergonomic conditions. These issues are more common in developing nations but can also occur in the U.S. garment industry.

Cotton Dust Can Cause Breathing Problems

Employees who work with cotton have a problem of their own: exposure to significant amounts of cotton dust along with particles of pesticides and soil. This exposure can lead to respiratory disorders and the fatal disease of byssinosis, commonly known as brown lung, which causes tightening of the chest, coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.

Waste in the Industry

The textile industry is known for rampant waste of resources, especially water. Entire ecosystems have been polluted in the past, but modern companies are working toward a relatively cleaner way of doing business. The more progressive companies are reducing water consumption, changing the chemicals they use in dying processes and reusing water for two or more processes, all with a goal of reducing their impact on the local environment.

While the stereotype of poor environmental practices in the textile industry focus on overseas production, American workers are subject to a lot of the same health risks in their own factories. While some companies are working to improve conditions, dangers still exist for a large number of textile workers.

The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour in textiles. The textile industry continues to be the second-largest employment generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country.^[1] The share of textiles in total exports was 11.04% during April–July 2010, as per the Ministry of Textiles. During 2009–2010, the Indian textile industry was pegged at US$55 billion, 64% of which services domestic demand.^[1] In 2010, there were 2,500 textile weaving factories and 4,135 textile finishing factories in all of India.^[2] According to AT Kearney’s ‘Retail Apparel Index’, India was ranked as the fourth most promising market for apparel retailers in 2009.^[3]

Textile Industry Definition

India is first in global jute production and shares 63% of the global textile and garment market. India is second in global textile manufacturing and also second in silk and cotton production. 100% FDI is allowed via automatic route in textile sector. Rieter, Trutzschler, Saurer, Soktas, Zambiati, Bilsar, Monti, CMT, E-land, Nisshinbo, Marks & Spencer, Zara, Promod, Benetton, and Levi’s are some of the foreign textile companies invested or working in India.^[4]

History[edit]

The archaeological surveys and studies have found that the people of Harrapan civilization knew weaving and the spinning of cotton four thousand years ago. Reference to weaving and spinning materials is found in the Vedic Literature. There was textile trade in India during the early centuries. A block printed and resist-dyed fabric, whose origin is from Gujarat was found in the tombs of Fostat, Egypt. This proves that Indian export of cotton textiles to the Egypt or the Nile Civilization in medieval times were to a large extent. Large quantity of north Indian silk were traded through the silk route in China ^[5] to the western countries. The Indian silks were often exchanged with the western countries for their spices in the barter system. During the late 17th and 18th century there were large export of the Indian cotton to the western countries to meet the need of the European industries during industrial revolution, apart from the domestic requirement at the Indian Ordnance Factories.^[6][7]

Production[edit]

India is the second largest producer of fibre in the world and the major fibre produced is [cotton]. Other fibres produced in India include [silk], [jute], [wooL], and [man-made fibers]. 60% of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based. The strong domestic demand and the revival of the Economic markets by 2009 has led to huge growth of the Indian textiles industry. In December 2010, the domestic cotton price was up by 50% as compared to the December 2009 prices. The causes behind high cotton price are due to the floods in Pakistan and China . India projected a high production of textile (325 lakh bales for 2010 -11).^[8] There has been increase in India's share of global textile trading to seven percent in five years.^[8] The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country.

• Man Made Fibres: This includes manufacturing of clothes using fibre or filament synthetic yarns. It is produced in the large power loom factories. They account for the largest sector of the textile production in India.This sector has a share of 62% of the India's total production and provides employment to about 4.8 million people.^[9]
• The Cotton Sector: It is the second most developed sector in the Indian Textile industries. It provides employment to a huge number of people but its productions and employment is seasonal depending upon the seasonal nature of the production.
• The Handloom Sector: It is well developed and is mainly dependent on the SHGs for their funds. Its market share is 13%.^[9] of the total cloth produced in India.
• The Woolen Sector: India is the 7th largest producer.^[9] of the wool in the world. India also produces 1.8% of the world's total wool.
• The Jute Sector: The jute or the golden fibre in India is mainly produced in the Eastern states of India like Assam and West Bengal. India is the largest producer of jute in the world.
• The Sericulture and Silk Sector: India is the second largest producer of silk in the world. India produces 18% of the world's total silk. Mulberry, Eri, Tasar, and Muga are the main types of silk produced in the country. It is a labour-intensive sector.

Cotton textile[edit]

In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw materials, market, transport, labour, moist climate and other factors contributed to localisation. In the early twentieth century, this industry played a huge role in Bombay's economy but soon declined after independence.^[10] While spinning continues to be centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, weaving is highly decentralised. As of 30 September 2013, there are 1,962 cotton textile mills in India,^[11] of which about 18% are in the private sector and the rest in the public and cooperative sector. Apart from these, there are several thousand small factories with three to ten looms.

Textile Industry Pdf

India exports yarn to Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, France, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and other countries. India has the second-largest installed capacity of spindles in the world, with 43.13 million spindles (30 March 2011)^[12] after China. Although India has a large share in world trade of cotton yarn, its trade in garments is only 4% of the world's total.

Jute textiles[edit]

India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and the second largest exporter after Bangladesh. There were about 80 jute mills in India in 2010-11, most of which are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hooghly River, in a narrow belt (98 km long and 3 km wide).

In 2010-2011 the jute industry was supporting 0.37 million workers directly and another 400,000 small and marginal farmers who were engaged in the cultivation of jute.

Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other countries such as Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the rise due to Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the products need to be diversified. In 2005, the National Jute Policy^[13] was formulated with the objective of improving quality, increasing productivity and enhancing the yield of the crop.

The main markets for jute are the United States, Canada, Russia, United Kingdom and Australia.

Ministry of textiles and organizations[edit]

Government of India passed the National Textile Policy in 2000. The major functions of the ministry of textiles are formulating policy and coordination of man-made fiber, cotton, jute, silk, wool industries, decentralization of power loom sector, promotion of exports, planning & economic analysis, finance and promoting use of information technology. The advisory boards for the ministry include All India Handlooms Board, All India Handicrafts Board, All India Power looms Board, Advisory Committee under Handlooms Reservation of Articles for Production and Co-ordination Council of Textiles Research Association. There are several public sector units and textile research associations across the country.

Kombolcha Textile Industry Pdf

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^ab'A brief history of Textile Industry in India, January, 2010'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 May 2012.
2. ^'Wearing Apparel Manufacturing Report'. AnythingResearch India.
3. ^'Emerging Markets Offer Growth Opportunities for Apparel Retailers Battling Declines in Domestic Consumer Spending'.
4. ^SECTORS - Make In India
5. ^'History of Textile'.
6. ^http://ofb.gov.in/units/index.php?unit=ocfs&page=about&lang=en
7. ^http://ofb.gov.in/units/index.php?unit=oefc&page=about&lang=en
8. ^ ^abBack to growth Trajectory, textile. 'SURVEY OF INDIAN INDUSTRIES'. Hindu.Missing or empty |url= (help)
9. ^ ^abc'Indian Textiles Industry'(PDF).
10. ^Gary Bridge; Sophie Watson (8 March 2010). The Blackwell City Reader. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 75–76. ISBN978-1-4051-8983-5.
11. ^'Number of Cotton Mills in India'(PDF).
12. ^'Installed capacity'(PDF).
13. ^Government of India, Ministry of Textiles. 'National Jute Policy, 2005'(PDF).

Bibliography[edit]

• J.Forbes Watson (1866). The Textile Manufactures and the Costumes of the People of India. India Office by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, London.
• Illustrations of the Textile Manufactures of India. Victoria & Albert Museum, London. 1881.
• Albert Buell Lewis (1924). Block Prints from India for Textiles. Field Museum for Natural History, Chicago.